Mobile Accelerator

ABSTRACT

A mobile accelerator system includes point of presences (POPs) that includes an entry POP. The entry POP receives a query to a content server from a mobile device via a dedicated transport channel. The entry POP determines a direct connection score for a direct connection between the mobile device and the content server that does not traverse the mobile accelerator system. The entry POP determines a POP connection score for a connection between the mobile device and the content server through the entry POP and a candidate exit POP. The entry POP determines a dynamic path ranking based on the direct connection score, the POP connection score, and other POP connection score(s) associated with other candidate exit POP(s). The entry POP determines at least a portion of a dynamic path between the mobile device based on the dynamic path ranking and routes data transfers through that dynamic path.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/505,458 filed Jul. 8, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/863,339 filed Sep. 23, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No.10,349,304, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD

Embodiments of the invention relate, generally, to networked contentdelivery for mobile devices.

BACKGROUND

Technologies such as Wi-Fi or mobile broadband (e.g., 2G/3G/long-termevolution (LTE), etc.) allow mobile devices, such as cellphones orsmartphones, to connect with remote content servers via the Internet.The speed of content delivery can affect the quality of data access andmobile device performance. For example, fast internet browsing, highquality video or audio data streaming, or multiplayer gaming may requiredata transfer rates that are faster than the capacities of conventionalmobile data networks. Virtually any mobile device application supportedby Internet connectivity is enhanced with faster data transfer rates. Inthis regard, improvements to networked content delivery for mobiledevices are desirable.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Through applied effort, ingenuity, and innovation, solutions to improvesuch mobile devices have been realized and are described herein. Someembodiments may provide for a mobile accelerator system including apoint of presence (POP), including: a proxy server configured to:receive traffic associated with a content server, wherein the trafficuses a port associated with a predefined protocol; determine, based onaccessing a dynamic filter, whether the content server has beenassociated with traffic that fails to use the predefined protocol,wherein the dynamic filter defines a list of content servers that havebeen associated with traffic that uses the port but fails to use thepredefined protocol; in response to determining that the content serverhas not been associated with traffic that fails to use the predefinedprotocol: analyze the traffic to determine whether the traffic currentlyis using the predefined protocol; and in response to determining thatthe traffic currently fails to use the predefined protocol, update thedynamic filter such that the content server is associated with trafficthat fails to use the predefined protocol.

In some embodiments, the dynamic filter defines a time to live (TTL)associated with of the content server. The proxy server configured todetermine, based on accessing the dynamic filter, whether the contentserver has been associated with traffic that fails to use the predefinedprotocol includes the proxy server being configured to determine, basedon accessing the dynamic filter, whether a TTL associated with thecontent server has lapsed. The proxy server configured to update thedynamic filter such that the content server is associated with trafficthat fails to use the predefined protocol includes the proxy serverbeing configured to update the dynamic filter such that a new TTL isassociated with the content server.

In some embodiments, the proxy server may be further configured to, inresponse to determining that the traffic currently fails to use thepredefined protocol, route data transfers between the mobile device andsecond content server to bypass the mobile accelerator system.

In some embodiments, the proxy server may be further configured to, inresponse to determining that the traffic currently is using thepredefined protocol: optimize the traffic based on the predefinedprotocol; determine a dynamic path between the mobile device and thecontent server through the proxy server; and route data transfersbetween the mobile device and the content server through the dynamicpath.

In some embodiments, the POP may be an entry POP. The dynamic path mayinclude the entry POP and an exit POP. The mobile accelerator system mayinclude a plurality of interconnected POPs including the entry POP andthe exit POP.

In some embodiments, the proxy server may be further configured to:receive second traffic associated with a second content server, whereinthe second traffic utilizes the port associated with the predefinedprotocol; determine, based on accessing the dynamic filter, whether thesecond content server has been associated with traffic that fails to usethe predefined protocol; in response to determining that the secondcontent server has been associated with traffic that fails to use thepredefined protocol, route data transfers between the mobile device andthe second content server to bypass the mobile accelerator systemwithout analyzing the second traffic to determine whether the secondtraffic currently is using the predefined protocol.

In some embodiments, the POP may further include a virtual privatenetwork (VPN) server configured to: create a dedicated transport channelwith a mobile device; receive the traffic associated with the contentserver from the mobile device via the dedicated transport channel;determine whether the traffic is utilizing the port associated with thepredefined protocol; and in response to determining that the traffic isutilizing the port associated with the predefined protocol, send thetraffic to the proxy server.

In some embodiments, the proxy server configured to analyze the trafficto determine whether the traffic currently is using the predefinedprotocol may include the proxy server being configured to parse thetraffic.

In some embodiments, the port may be a transmission control protocol(TCP) port 80. The predefined protocol may be hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP). In some embodiments, the port may be a TCP port 443.The predefined protocol may be secure hypertext transfer protocol(HTTPS).

In some embodiments, the dynamic filter may include a data entryassociated with the content server, the data entry including an internetprotocol (IP) prefix, a netmask, the port, and a TTL.

Some embodiments may include a method, including: receiving, by a pointof presence (POP) of a mobile accelerator system, traffic associatedwith a content server, wherein the traffic uses a port associated with apredefined protocol; determining, by the POP and based on accessing adynamic filter, whether the content server has been associated withtraffic that fails to use the predefined protocol, wherein the dynamicfilter defines a list of content servers that have been associated withtraffic that uses the port but fails to use the predefined protocol; inresponse to determining that the content server has not been associatedwith traffic that fails to use the predefined protocol, and by the POP:analyzing the traffic to determine whether the traffic currently isusing the predefined protocol; and in response to determining that thetraffic currently fails to use the predefined protocol, updating thedynamic filter such that the content server is associated with trafficthat fails to use the predefined protocol.

In some embodiments, the dynamic filter may define a time to live (TTL)associated with of the content servers. Determining, based on accessingthe dynamic filter, whether the content server has been associated withtraffic that fails to use the predefined protocol may includedetermining, based on accessing the dynamic filter, whether a TTLassociated with the content server has lapsed. Updating the dynamicfilter such that the content server is associated with traffic thatfails to use the predefined protocol may include updating the dynamicfilter such that a new TTL is associated with the content server.

In some embodiments, the method may further include, by the POP and inresponse to determining that the traffic currently fails to use thepredefined protocol, route data transfers between the mobile device andsecond content server to bypass the mobile accelerator system.

In some embodiments, the method may further include, by the POP and inresponse to determining that the traffic currently is using thepredefined protocol: optimizing the traffic based on the predefinedprotocol; determining a dynamic path between the mobile device and thecontent server through the proxy server; and routing data transfersbetween the mobile device and the content server through the dynamicpath.

In some embodiments, the POP may be an entry POP. The dynamic path mayinclude the entry POP and an exit POP. The mobile accelerator system mayinclude a plurality of interconnected POPs including the entry POP andthe exit POP.

In some embodiments, the method may further include, by the POP,receiving second traffic associated with a second content server,wherein the second traffic utilizes the port associated with thepredefined protocol; determining, based on accessing the dynamic filter,whether the second content server has been associated with traffic thatfails to use the predefined protocol; in response to determining thatthe second content server has been associated with traffic that fails touse the predefined protocol, routing data transfers between the mobiledevice and the second content server to bypass the mobile acceleratorsystem without analyzing the second traffic to determine whether thesecond traffic currently is using the predefined protocol.

In some embodiments, the method may further include, by a virtualprivate network (VPN) server of the POP: creating a dedicated transportchannel with a mobile device; receiving the traffic associated with thecontent server from the mobile device via the dedicated transportchannel; determining whether the traffic is utilizing the portassociated with the predefined protocol; and in response to determiningthat the traffic is utilizing the port associated with the predefinedprotocol, sending the traffic to a proxy server of the POP.

In some embodiments, analyzing the traffic to determine whether thetraffic currently is using the predefined protocol may include parsingthe traffic.

In some embodiments, the port may be a transmission control protocol(TCP) port 80. The predefined protocol may be hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP). In some embodiments, the port may be a transmissioncontrol protocol (TCP) port 443. The predefined protocol may be securehypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS).

In some embodiments, the dynamic filter may include a data entryassociated with the content server, the data entry including an internetprotocol (IP) prefix, a netmask, the port, and a TTL.

These characteristics as well as additional features, functions, anddetails of various embodiments are described below. Similarly,corresponding and additional embodiments are also described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Having thus described some embodiments in general terms, reference willnow be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarilydrawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 shows an example of a system, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 2 shows an example of a point of presence (POP) of a mobileaccelerator system, in accordance with some embodiments, in accordancewith some embodiments;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of example circuitry, inaccordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4 shows an example of a dynamic filter, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 5 shows an example of a method of establishing a connection betweena mobile device and an entry POP of a mobile accelerator system,performed in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIG. 6 shows an example of a method 600 of dynamic routing for datatransfers between a mobile device and a content server, performed inaccordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodimentscontemplated herein are shown. Indeed, various embodiments may beimplemented in many different forms and should not be construed aslimited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodimentsare provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legalrequirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

A mobile accelerator system including a multiple point-of-presences(POPs) provides for mobile device content delivery acceleration. ThePOPs may be located at different geographical locations to provide acollection of access points to the Internet from the differentgeographical locations. A mobile device may form a dedicated transportchannel with a fastest (e.g., based on synthetic latency) POP of themobile accelerator system, or entry POP. The entry POP may then beconfigured to route data transfers between the mobile device and thecontent server through one or more POPs of the mobile acceleratorsystem. Based on a dynamic path determination that optimizes connectionquality measures such as synthetic latency, the data transfers may berouted from the mobile device, through the mobile accelerator system(e.g., to an entry POP via the dedicated transport channel, and then toa fastest exit POP), and then to the content server.

The data traffic transferred between POPs within the mobile acceleratorsystem may be optimized using various techniques such as compression,aggressive congestion control, large window size, etc. However, not alltypes of data or traffic may be optimized using the various techniques.For example, mobile applications (e.g., messaging applications) may usecustom protocols for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port 80 (e.g.,well-known to use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)) or port 443(e.g., well-known to use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS))to avoid mobile network issues such as filtering, rate limiting, cachingdevice, etc. These custom protocols may be different from the HTTP orHTTPS protocols that are well-known or standards for the ports 80 or433, respectively. Therefore, the some or all of the optimizationtechniques used for HTTP or HTTPs traffic may not be suitable for thecustom protocol traffic.

Some embodiments may provide for intelligent routing of mobile devicetraffic that use custom protocols, or protocols that are otherwise areunsuitable for optimization. For example, after a mobile device connectswith the mobile accelerator system through an entry POP, the entry POPof the mobile accelerator system may be configured to analyze thetraffic to determine whether the traffic is suitable for beingoptimized. This may include parsing the traffic on ports 80 or 433 todetermine whether it is HTTP or HTTPS traffic, respectively, which canbe optimized. For traffic that cannot be optimized, the entry POP may beconfigured to route data transfers between the mobile device and thecontent server without traversing the mobile accelerator system. Fortraffic that can be optimized, the entry POP may be configured todetermine a dynamic (e.g., optimized) path through the mobileaccelerator system, and route data transfers between the mobile deviceand the content server through the dynamic path. Furthermore, thetraffic through the mobile accelerator system (e.g., from an entry POPto an exit POP) may be optimized using compression, aggressivecongestion control, large window size, etc. In some embodiments, eachPOP of the mobile accelerator system (e.g., including mobile devicePOPs) may be configured to perform the functionality discussed hereinwith respect to the entry POP, such that different POPs may operate asentry or exit POPs to provide improved traffic routing between variousmobile devices and content servers.

Some embodiments may include techniques for efficient bypass of themobile accelerator system and/or traffic analysis when traffic isreliably known to be unsuitable for optimization. For example, the entryPOP of the mobile accelerator network may include an HTTP/HTTPS proxyserver including an entry proxy (“NProxy”) module. The NProxy module maybe configured to receive traffic associated with the content server(e.g., transferred between the mobile device and the content server),and to determine whether the traffic is suitable for being optimized,such as based on parsing the traffic. To increase efficiency, the NProxymodule may be configured to implement a dynamic filter defining alisting of content server addresses (e.g., by internet protocol (IP)prefix) for content servers associated with traffic that is not suitablefor being optimized, and may update the dynamic filter when appropriate.

For example, each content server listed by the dynamic filter may beassociated with a time to live (TTL) indicating how long the analysis(e.g., via parsing) of the traffic associated with the content serverremains valid. Upon expiration of the TTL for a content server, theNProxy module may be configured to refresh the listing, such as byperforming another check of the traffic associated with the contentserver. Based on the check, the dynamic filter may be updatedaccordingly.

When the entry POP (e.g., a VPN server, switch, etc.) receives trafficassociated with the content server, the NPRoxy module of the proxyserver may check the dynamic filter for the content server, and theNProxy module may route the traffic based on the dynamic filter entrieswithout requiring additional parsing or other analysis of the trafficfor optimization suitability (e.g., so long as the TTL has not lapsed).For example, the data transfers may be routed directly between themobile device and the content server (e.g., without traversing thoughthe POPs of the mobile accelerator network). Alternatively, when theentry POP receives traffic that is not associated with any contentserver of the dynamic filter, the NProxy module may parse the traffic,and if the traffic can be optimized (e.g., traffic uses HTTP or HTTPSprotocol), then the data transfers may be routed through a dynamic pathof the mobile accelerator system.

Advantageously, various components and processing steps of the mobileaccelerator system (e.g., POPs, proxy servers, etc.) may be efficientlybypassed for data transfers that would not be improved or optimized bythe mobile accelerator system. Data transfer speeds of the mobileaccelerator system is improved because the dedicated transport channelsbetween POPs are less congested by the traffic that cannot be optimized,and thus increasing system bandwidth for optimized traffic.

Exemplary Architecture

FIG. 1 shows an example system 100 in accordance with some embodiments.System 100 may include one or more mobile devices 102 (e.g., mobiledevices 102 a-102 c), mobile accelerator system 104, network 106, andcontent server 108. As discussed in greater detail below, a mobiledevice 102 may be connected with content server 108 via one or more ofmobile accelerator system 104 and network 106 to provide contentdelivery acceleration between content server 108 and mobile device 102.

Mobile devices 102 a-102 b may each be associated with a user. Althoughthree mobile devices are shown in FIG. 1 , system 100 may include anynumber of mobile devices that may be associated with various otherusers. Mobile device 102 may include a cellular telephone (includingsmartphones and/or other types of mobile telephones), tablet, laptop,electronic reader, e-book device, media device, and/or the like. In someembodiments, some or all of the techniques discussed herein with respectto mobile device 102 and mobile acceleration may be applicable to astationary device, such as a desktop computer, terminal, work station,server, among other things.

Mobile accelerator system 104 may include a plurality of point ofpresences, or POPs 110. A “POP,” as used herein, refers to one or moreservers, routers, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switches,digital/analog call aggregators, etc. that provide an access point tonetwork 106 (e.g., the Internet). Although shown as being separate fromnetwork 106, in some embodiments, the mobile accelerator system 104 maysupported by an Internet backbone provided by the network 106. Themobile device 102 may include a content router module and/or circuitryconfigured to determine the entry POP 110 a and facilitate the creationof a dedicated transport channel (e.g., a wireless virtual privatenetwork (VPN) tunnel) with the entry POP 110 a via the connection 112.In some embodiments, a single POP 110 may include multiple servers, andload balancing algorithms may be used to balance traffic between themultiple servers of the POP 110.

Each of the POPs 110 may be connected with each other and located atdifferent geographical locations to provide a collection of accesspoints to network 106 from the different geographical locations. Forexample, in a six POP mobile accelerator system 104, interconnected POPs110 may be located in Singapore, Seoul, San Francisco, Tokyo, Dallas,and New York to form the mobile accelerator system 104.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a POP 110, in accordance with someembodiments. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , POP 110 may include an(e.g., HTTP/HTTPS) proxy server 202 and a virtual private network (VPN)server 204. The proxy server 202 may include an NProxy module 206 and acontent router module 208. In various embodiments, the NProxy module 206and/or content router module 208 may be separate from the proxy server202, such as on one or more other servers of the POP 110.

When the POP 110 is an entry POP, the NProxy module 206 may beconfigured to receive traffic transferred between a mobile device 102and a content server 108, and determine whether the traffic can beoptimized by the mobile accelerator system, as discussed in greaterdetail herein. The NProxy module 206 may be further configured to routetraffic that cannot be optimized between the consumer device 102 and thecontent server 108 directly (e.g., via Internet network 106, and withouttraversing a POP 110 of the mobile accelerator system 104). For trafficthat can be optimized, the NProxy module 208 may be configured to routethe traffic based on based on a dynamic path that include may includethe proxy server 202 of the POP 110, as well as one or more other POPs110 of the mobile accelerator system 104, or some other optimized path.

In some embodiments, the NProxy module 206 may be configured to maintaina dynamic filter including a listing of content servers 108 associatedwith data that cannot be optimized. In some embodiments, the dynamicfilter may be defined by software to provide improved flexibility ofconfigurations, and real-time updates. Here, the dynamic filter may bereferred to as a Software Defined Dynamic Filter (SDDFilter). TheSDDFilter may reside in a memory of the proxy server 202 for fasterlookup, but may additionally or alternatively be stored in a separatedatabase or other storage medium.

With reference to FIG. 4 , dynamic filter 400 may include dataassociated with content servers. In particular, each entry represents aninternet protocol (IP) prefix 402 (e.g., incorporating multiple IPaddresses, as discussed in greater detail below) and an associatednetmask 404, TCP port 406, and time to live (TTL) 408. Rather thandetermining whether the traffic can be optimized each time the contentserver 108 is accessed, the NProxy module 206 may reference the dynamicfilter to provide efficient data transfer bypass of the proxy server 202for data transfers between mobile devices 102 and the content server206. Each listed content server 108 of the dynamic filter (e.g., basedon IP prefix 402) may be associated with a time to live (TTL) 408,defining a period of time within which a determination as to whethertraffic associated with the content server 108 can be optimized remainsvalid or usable. Subsequent to lapse of the TTL 408, the NProxy module208 may be configured to recheck whether the traffic can be optimized bythe mobile accelerator system, and update the dynamic filter 400accordingly. Subsequent data routing associated with the content server208 may then be performed based on the updated dynamic filter 400.

The content router module 208 may be configured to determine dynamicpaths between the mobile device 102 and the content server 208. Whentraffic can be optimized, the NProxy module 206 may be configured toquery the content router module 208 using a content server 108 address(e.g., IP address) to receive a dynamic path for routing data transfers.To determine the dynamic path, the content router module 208 of an entryPOP 110 a may be configured to determine another POP 110 of the mobileaccelerator system 104 as an exit POP 110 b, such as based on exit POP110 b providing the fastest direct connection access point to thecontent server 108. The content router module 208 may be furtherconfigured to determine the dynamic path as including the entry POP 110a and the exit POP 110.

In some embodiments, the dynamic path may include one or moreintervening other POPs 110 between the entry POP 110 a and the exit POP110 b. In some embodiments, the dynamic path may include only the entryPOP 110 a, and data transfers may be routed from the proxy server 202 ofthe entry POP 110 a to the content server 108 via the Internet network106 (e.g., without traversing a second, exit POP 110 of the mobileaccelerator network 104). In general, the dynamic path may be anoptimized path through at least one POP 110 of the mobile acceleratorsystem 104 that is programmatically selected based on data transferspeed (e.g., as measured by synthetic latencies).

In various embodiments, the content router module 208 may be located inone or more components of system 100 to perform dynamic pathdetermination. For example, the content router module 208 may be locatedin mobile device 102 to find an optimized entry POP. In another example,the content router module 208 may be located in another component of thePOP 110, such as the VPN server 204 or a separate server.

The VPN server 204 of the POP 110 may be configured to create adedicated transport channel with a mobile device 102 when the POP 110 isacting as an entry POP for data transfers. In some embodiments, the VPNserver 204 and/or a switch, router, or the like, of the POP 110 may beconfigured to send traffic that is utilizing a port associated with apredefined protocol to the proxy server for determinations with respectto whether the traffic can be optimized and suitable routing. Forexample, upon receipt of traffic from the mobile device 102 via thededicated transport channel, the VPN server 204 may be configured toforward the traffic going to port 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS) to the proxyserver 202. Here, the proxy server 202 may be configured to analyze thetraffic, manage the dynamic filter, and route data transfers for ports80 and 443, and thus the proxy server 202 is referred to as anHTTP/HTTPS proxy server. In some embodiments, the VPN server 204 and theproxy server 202 may be implemented on shared hardware, such as a singleserver or distributed across one or more servers of the POP 110.

The dedicated transport channel of the VPN may include a layer 3 tunnel,and the mobile device 102 and VPN server 204 may (e.g., optionally)exchange encryption keys. Once connected, internet protocol (IP) trafficfrom the mobile device 102 or device POP will be sent to the connectedVPN server 204 of the entry POP 110 a. When suitable, the traffic mayfurther be optimized using various techniques such as data compression(e.g., dictionary based compression), TCP optimization (e.g., initcwind,aggressive congestion control, large window size, etc.), HTTPoptimization (e.g., caching, front-end optimization for HTTP traffic),HTTPS optimization, among other things.

With reference to FIG. 1 , the mobile device 102 may connect with anentry POP 110 a of the mobile accelerator system 104 via connection 112.Connection 112 may include a wireless connection utilizing Wi-Fi and/ormobile broadband technologies (e.g., 2G, 3G, and/or long-term evolution(LTE), etc.). In some embodiments, connection 112 may additionally oralternatively include a wired connection, such as Ethernet, universalserial bus (USB), wired broadband, etc. The connection 112 may representa “last mile” or final leg of the system 100 for content delivery fromcontent server 108 to the mobile device 102.

In some embodiments, a mobile device 102 and/or entry POP 110 a may beconfigured to optimize the connection between the mobile device 102 andthe entry POP 110 a. In addition to selecting the entry POP 110 a andfacilitating connections with the entry POP 110 a, for example, themobile device 102 may be further configured to provide variousfunctionality such as user authentication, encryption for data transfersto the entry POP 110 a, data compression (e.g., dictionary basedcompression), user datagram protocol (UDP) optimization, transport layersecurity (TLS) optimization, transmission control protocol (TCP)optimization, and/or hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) optimization.The connection between the mobile device 102 and the entry POP 110 a maybe further configured to facilitate data routing, such as through Layer3 and/or Layer 4 switches. In some embodiments, a mobile device 102 mayalso include a POP or be a POP 110 of the mobile accelerator system 104.For example, a mobile device 102 may include a content router module 208as discussed herein for a POP 110, and may be referred to as device POP.Furthermore, the mobile device 102 may be further configured to performPOP functionality with respect to data routing, such as by serving asintervening POP 110 of the mobile accelerator system 104 for aconnection between a second mobile device 102 and a second contentserver 108.

The content server 108 and the network 106 may be connected with an exitPOP 110 b of the mobile accelerator system 104 via a connection 116. Ingeneral, dynamic paths may be determined based on scoring and rankingthe various available paths between the mobile device 102 and contentserver 108.

The content server 108 may be an original host of content, oralternatively, may be a dedicated content delivery server or otherredundant host. For example, the content server 108 may be one ormultiple content delivery servers of a content delivery network (CDN).In some embodiments, such as when content is available from multiplecontent servers, the content server 108 may be determined as a nearestcontent server capable of providing the content to the mobile device 102and/or a POP 110 (e.g., such as based on a domain name service (DNS)lookup for a uniform resource locator (URL) reference to the desiredcontent). In some embodiments, content server 108 may be a user device,such as a mobile device 102 configured to provide content delivery viathe network 106.

In some embodiments, when traffic is susceptible to trafficoptimization, the dynamic paths between POPs 110 (e.g., the entry POP110 a and the exit POP 110 b) may be supported by traffic optimizationtechniques such transmission control protocol (TCP) optimization (e.g.,for a long haul network), HTTP/HTTPS optimization (e.g., caching,front-end optimization), data compression (e.g., dictionary basedcompression), encryption for data transfers to the mobile device 102,connection pooling, and/or HTTP keep-alive. The connection between thePOPs 110 may be further configured to facilitate data routing, such asthrough Layer 4 switches.

In some embodiments, the content router module 208 (e.g. of a POP 110,such as entry POP 110 a, and/or the mobile device 102) may be configuredto determine the exit POP 110 b and facilitate the routing of datatransfers between the mobile device 102 and the content server 108through the exit POP 110 b. The connection 116 may include a “firstmile” or first leg of the system 100 for content delivery from contentserver 108 to the mobile device 102. In some embodiments, theconnections between the exit POP 110 b and content servers 108 may besupported with various functionality such TCP optimization, connectionpooling, and HTTP keep-alive.

In addition to optimization of the last mile and file mile connections,the content router module 208 (e.g., of the mobile device and/or entryPOP 110 a) may further be configured to determine POP-to-POP scoresbetween the POPs 110 of the mobile accelerator system 104. Theconnection between the entry POP 110 and the exit POP 110 b mayrepresent “middle mile” or middle leg of the system 100.

In some embodiments, the content router module 208 may be configured todetermine POP connection scores to generate a dynamic path ranking. A“POP connection score,” as used herein, refers to a measure of thequality of the entire path (e.g., including the first mile, middle mile,and last mile) between the mobile device 102 and the content server 108through the mobile accelerator system 104. In some examples, the paththrough the mobile accelerator system 104 may include the entry POP 110a and the exit POP 110 b. Here, the POP connection score may bedetermined based on an entry POP score between mobile device 102 andentry POP 110 a, a POP-to-POP score between entry POP 110 a and exit POP110 b, and an exit POP score between exit POP 110 b and content server108. In another example, the path through the mobile accelerator system104 may include only a single entry/exit POP that serves as both theentry POP and the exit POP. Here, the POP connection score may bedetermined based on an entry POP score between mobile device 102 and theentry/exit POP 110, and an exit POP score between entry/exit POP 110 andthe content server 108.

In addition or alternative to connections through between the mobiledevice 102 and the content server 108 between the mobile acceleratorsystem 104, system 100 may provide for a direct connection between themobile device 102 and the content server 108 through network 106,bypassing the mobile accelerator system 104 when suitable. For example,the NProxy module 206 may be configured to route data transfers as suchwhen the dynamic filter indicates that the content server 108 isassociated with data that cannot be optimized. In another example, thecontent router module 208 of the mobile device 102 and/or POP 110 may beconfigured to determine a “direct connection score,” which as usedherein, refers to a measure of the quality of the connection between themobile device 102 and the content server 108 through network 106 andwithout traversing the mobile accelerator system 104. The techniquesdiscussed herein for determining the POP scores may be applicable to thedirect connection score. For example, the direct connection score may bedetermined based on synthetic latency between the mobile device 102 andcontent server 106 through the network 106 via connection 114 (e.g.,rather than the mobile accelerator system 104). As such, the mobiledevice 102 may provide or otherwise behave like a POP, providing anaccess point to the Internet via the direct connection 114. Connection114, like connection 112, may represent the last mile for system 100,and may include a wireless connection utilizing Wi-Fi and/or mobilebroadband technologies and/or a wired connection.

Additional details regarding dynamic path scoring and routing within amobile accelerator system, applicable in various embodiments, arediscussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/644,116, titled “MOBILEACCELERATOR,” filed Mar. 10, 2015, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

Network 106 may include a public network such as the Internet. Network106 may include one or more wired and/or wireless communication networksincluding, for example, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN),personal area network (PAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide areanetwork (WAN), or the like, as well as any hardware, software and/orfirmware for implementing the one or more networks (such as, e.g.,network routers, switches, hubs, etc.). For example, network 106 mayinclude a cellular telephone, mobile broadband, long term evolution(LTE), GSM/EDGE, UMTS/HSPA, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20,Wi-Fi, dial-up, and/or Wi-Max network. Furthermore, network 106 mayinclude a public network (e.g., the Internet), a private network (e.g.,the network associated with the mobile accelerator system 104), and/orcombinations thereof, and may utilize a variety of networking protocolsnow available or later developed including, but not limited to TCP/IPbased networking protocols.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of example circuitry 300, some orall of which may be included in a mobile device 102 and/or a POP 110(e.g., proxy server 202, VPN server 204) of the mobile acceleratorsystem 104. In accordance with some example embodiments, circuitry 300may include various means for performing some or all of thefunctionality discussed herein, such as one or more processors 302,memories 304, communications modules 306, input/output modules 308,NProxy module 206, and/or content router module 208.

In some embodiments, such as when circuitry 300 is included the mobiledevice 102 and/or a POP 110 (e.g., a server of the POP 110), the NProxymodule 206 and/or content router module 208 may also or instead beincluded. As referred to herein, “module” includes hardware, softwareand/or firmware configured to perform one or more particular functions.In this regard, the means of circuitry 300 as described herein may beembodied as, for example, circuitry, hardware elements (e.g., a suitablyprogrammed processor, combinational logic circuit, integrated circuit,and/or the like), a computer program product comprisingcomputer-readable program instructions stored on a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium (e.g., memory 304) that is executable by asuitably configured processing device (e.g., processor 302), or somecombination thereof.

Processor 302 may, for example, be embodied as various means includingone or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signalprocessor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digitalsignal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi-coreprocessors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or morecomputers, various other processing elements including integratedcircuits such as, for example, an ASIC (application specific integratedcircuit) or FPGA (field programmable gate array), or some combinationthereof. Accordingly, although illustrated in FIG. 3 as a singleprocessor, in some embodiments, processor 302 may comprise a pluralityof processing components or means. The plurality of processingcomponents may be embodied on a single computing device or may bedistributed across a plurality of computing devices collectivelyconfigured to function as circuitry 300. The plurality of processingcomponents may be in operative communication with each other and may becollectively configured to perform one or more functionalities ofcircuitry 300 as described herein. In an example embodiment, processor302 may be configured to execute instructions stored in memory 304 orotherwise accessible to processor 302. These instructions, when executedby processor 302, may cause circuitry 300 to perform one or more of thefunctionalities described herein such as with respect to methods 500 and600 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively.

Whether configured by hardware, firmware/software methods, or by acombination thereof, processor 302 may comprise an entity capable ofperforming operations according to embodiments of the present inventionwhile configured accordingly. Thus, for example, when processor 302 isembodied as an ASIC, FPGA or the like, processor 302 may comprisespecifically configured hardware for conducting one or more operationsdescribed herein. As another example, when processor 302 may be embodiedas an executor of instructions, such as may be stored in memory 304, theinstructions may specifically configure processor 302 to perform one ormore algorithms, methods or operations described herein. For example,processor 302 may be configured to execute operating systemapplications, firmware applications, media playback applications, mediaediting applications, among other things.

Memory 304 may comprise, for example, volatile memory, non-volatilememory, or some combination thereof. Although illustrated in FIG. 3 as asingle memory, memory 304 may comprise a plurality of memory components.The plurality of memory components may be embodied on a single computingcomponent or distributed across a plurality of computing components. Invarious embodiments, memory 304 may comprise, for example, a hard disk,random access memory, cache memory, flash memory, a compact disc readonly memory (CD-ROM), solid state memory, digital versatile disc readonly memory (DVD-ROM), an optical disc, circuitry configured to storeinformation, integrated circuitry, chemical/biological memory, paper, orsome combination thereof. Memory 304 may be configured to storeinformation, data, applications, instructions, or the like for enablingcircuitry 300 to carry out various functions in accordance with exampleembodiments discussed herein. For example, in at least some embodiments,memory 304 may be configured to buffer input data for processing byprocessor 302. Additionally or alternatively, in at least someembodiments, memory 304 may be configured to store program instructionsfor execution by processor 302 and/or data for processing by processor302. Memory 304 may store information in the form of static and/ordynamic information. This stored information may be stored and/or usedby circuitry 300 during the course of performing its functionalities.

Communications module 306 may be embodied as any component or meansembodied in circuitry, hardware, a computer program product comprisingcomputer readable program instructions stored on a computer readablemedium (e.g., memory 304) and executed by a processing device (e.g.,processor 302), or a combination thereof that is configured to receiveand/or transmit data from/to another device, such as, for example, asecond circuitry 300 or other computing device. In some embodiments,communications module 306 (like other components discussed herein) canbe at least partially embodied as or otherwise controlled by processor302. In this regard, communications module 306 may be in communicationwith processor 302, such as via a bus. Communications module 306 mayinclude, for example, an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver, atransceiver, network interface card and/or supporting hardware and/orfirmware/software for enabling communications. Communications module 306may be configured to receive and/or transmit any data that may be storedby memory 304 using any protocol that may be used for communications.Communications module 306 may additionally and/or alternatively be incommunication with the memory 304, input/output module 308 and/or anyother component of circuitry 300, such as via a bus. Communicationsmodule 306 may be configured to use one or more communications protocolssuch as, for example, Wi-Fi (e.g., a 802.11 protocol, etc.), Bluetooth,radio frequency systems (e.g., 900 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 5.6 GHzcommunication systems), infrared, GSM, GSM plus EDGE, CDMA, 2G, 3G, LTE,mobile broadband, and other cellular protocols, VOIP, or any othersuitable protocol.

Input/output module 308 may be in communication with processor 302 toreceive an indication of an input and/or to provide an audible, visual,mechanical, or other output. Some example inputs discussed herein mayinclude user inputs for interacting with remote content servers, as wellas for user inputs that configure parameters or settings of mobileacceleration. In that sense, input/output module 308 may include meansfor performing analog-to-digital and/or digital-to-analog dataconversions. Input/output module 308 may include support, for example,for a display, touch sensor, touch screen, keyboard, button, clickwheel, mouse, joystick, an image capturing device, microphone, speaker,biometric scanner, camera, motion sensor, and/or other input/outputmechanisms. In embodiments where circuitry 300 may be implemented as aPOP, server or database, aspects of input/output module 308 may bereduced as compared to embodiments where circuitry 300 may beimplemented as an end-user machine or other type of device designed forcomplex user interactions (e.g., mobile device 102). In some embodiments(like other components discussed herein), input/output module 308 mayeven be eliminated from circuitry 300. Alternatively, such as inembodiments wherein circuitry 300 is embodied as a server or database,at least some aspects of input/output module 308 may be embodied on amobile device used by a user that is in communication with circuitry300. Input/output module 308 may be in communication with memory 304,communications module 306, and/or any other component(s), such as via abus. Although more than one input/output module and/or other componentcan be included in circuitry 300, only one is shown in FIG. 3 to avoidovercomplicating the disclosure (e.g., like the other componentsdiscussed herein).

In some embodiments, NProxy module 206 may also be included to performthe functionality discussed herein with respect to analyzing traffic,managing the dynamic filter, and routing traffic and/or the contentrouter module 208 may also or instead be included and configured toperform the functionality discussed herein related determining optimaldata transfer path and/or nodes. In some embodiments, some or all of thefunctionality of the NProxy module 206 and/or content router module 208may be performed by processor 302. In this regard, the example processesand algorithms discussed herein can be performed by at least oneprocessor 302, NProxy module 206, and/or content router module 208. Forexample, non-transitory computer readable storage media can beconfigured to store firmware, one or more application programs, and/orother software, which include instructions and other computer-readableprogram code portions that can be executed to control processors of thecomponents of system 300 to implement various operations, including theexamples shown above. As such, a series of computer-readable programcode portions may be embodied in one or more computer program productsand can be used, with a device, server, database, and/or otherprogrammable apparatus, to produce the machine-implemented processesdiscussed herein.

Any such computer program instructions and/or other type of code may beloaded onto a computer, processor or other programmable apparatus'scircuitry to produce a machine, such that the computer, processor otherprogrammable circuitry that executes the code may be the means forimplementing various functions, including those described herein. Insome embodiments, one or more external systems (such as a remote cloudcomputing and/or data storage system) may also be leveraged to provideat least some of the functionality discussed herein.

As described above and as will be appreciated based on this disclosure,various embodiments may be implemented as methods, mediums, devices,servers, databases, systems, and the like. Accordingly, embodiments maycomprise various means including entirely of hardware or any combinationof software and hardware. Furthermore, embodiments may take the form ofa computer program product on at least one non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium having computer-readable programinstructions (e.g., computer software) embodied in the storage medium.Any suitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized includingnon-transitory hard disks, CD/DVD-ROMs, flash memory, optical storagedevices, quantum storage devices, chemical storage devices, biologicalstorage devices, magnetic storage devices, etc.

Embodiments have been described above with reference to block diagramsof components, such as functional modules, system components andcircuitry. Below is a discussion of an example process flowchartsdescribing functionality that may be implemented by one or morecomponents discussed above. Each block of the block diagrams and processflowcharts, and combinations of blocks diagrams and process flowcharts,respectively, can be implemented by various means including computerprogram instructions. These computer program instructions may be loadedonto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus, such as processor 302, toproduce a machine, such that the computer program product includes theinstructions which execute on the computer or other programmable dataprocessing apparatus to create a means for implementing the functionsspecified in the flowchart block or block diagrams.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable storage device (e.g., memory 304) that can direct acomputer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function ina particular manner, such that the instructions stored in thecomputer-readable storage device produce an article of manufactureincluding computer-readable instructions for implementing the functiondiscussed herein. The computer program instructions may also be loadedonto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or otherprogrammable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process suchthat the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions discussed herein.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrationssupport combinations of means for performing the specified functions,combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and programinstruction means for performing the specified functions. It will alsobe understood that each block of the block diagrams and processflowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and processflowcharts, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedcomputer systems that perform the specified functions or steps, orcombinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Dynamic Filter

FIGS. 5 and 6 show flowcharts of example methods 500 and 600 related tousing a dynamic filter to optimize mobile acceleration, respectively, inaccordance with some embodiments. Most of the steps of methods 500 and600 are generally discussed herein as being performed by components ofsystem 100 discussed above. However, other suitable devices, apparatus,systems and/or circuitry may be used.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a method 500 of establishing a connectionbetween a mobile device and an entry POP of a mobile accelerator system,performed in accordance with some embodiments. Method 500 may begin at502 and proceed to 504, where processing circuitry of a mobile device102 (e.g., a content router module 208) may be configured to determinean entry POP 110 a from a plurality of POPs 110 of a mobile acceleratorsystem 104. In some embodiments, the entry POP may be selected from thePOPs 110 based on entry POP score, which may be determined based on acomparison of synthetic latencies between the mobile device 102 and thePOPs 110 of the mobile accelerator system 104.

At 504, the mobile device 102 may be configured to create a dedicatedtransport channel tunnel with a VPN server 204 of an entry POP 110 a.The dedicated transport channel may be created between the mobile device102 and the VPN server 208 of the entry POP 110. The dedicated transportchannel, for example, may include a virtual private network (VPN)tunnel. Additional details regarding the creation of the VPN isdiscussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/644,116, which isincorporated by reference above

At 508, the VPN 204 server may be configured to receive trafficassociated with a content server 108 from the mobile device 102 via thededicated transport channel. In some embodiments, once the VPN isestablished, IP traffic from the mobile device (or device POP) may beassociated with the content server 108 based on including a destinationIP address (e.g., 11.22.33.44) of the content server 108. Furthermore,the traffic may include a destination port (e.g., port 80 or 443). Forexample, the mobile device 102 may be operating a messaging application,and the traffic may be message data that is to be sent to a messagingcontent server 108 that hosts the messaging application. Various mobileapplications may be enhanced with server connectivity, and the entry POP110 a may receive such traffic between mobile devices and contentservers via the dedicated transport channel.

At 510, the VPN server 204 may be configured to send traffic that isutilizing a port associated with a predefined protocol to a proxy server202 of the entry POP 110. For example, the VPN server 204 may monitorthe destination port associated with the traffic, and compare thedestination port with a list of ports that are associated withpredefined protocols. One example may include port 80 which isassociated with the HTTP protocol. Another example may include port 443which is associated with the HTTPS protocol. In some embodiments, thepredefined protocols may include protocols that the mobile acceleratorsystem 104 is capable of or configured to optimize. Here, the VPN server204 may be configured to send traffic that is utilizing a portassociated with protocol that the proxy server 204 is configured tooptimize to the proxy server 204. In some embodiments, the VPN server204 may be configured to send traffic using ports 80 and 443 to theproxy server 204.

In some embodiments, the VPN server 204 may be configured to not sendtraffic that fails to be utilizing a port associated with a predefinedprotocol to the proxy server 202. For example, traffic that is not forport 80 or 433 is not sent to the proxy server 202. Instead, the VPNserver 204 may be configured to route data the transfers between themobile device 102 and content server 108 to bypass the proxy server 202,such as directly to the Internet from the VPN server 204, and withouttraversing a second (e.g., exit) POP of the mobile accelerator system104. Method 500 may then proceed to 512 and end.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a method 600 of dynamic routing for datatransfers between a mobile device and a content server, performed inaccordance with some embodiments. Method 600 may be performed to providean efficient bypass for traffic that is not suitable for being optimizedby the mobile accelerator system 104, based on the entry POP using andupdating a dynamic filter defining a list of content servers that havebeen associated with port traffic that fails to use a predefinedprotocol of the port susceptible to optimization.

Method 600 may begin at 602 and proceed to 604, where a proxy server 202may be configured to receive traffic associated with a content server108, wherein the traffic uses a port associated with a predefinedprotocol. For example, the traffic may be received from the VPN server204 as discussed at 510 of method 500. Here, the traffic may use port 80or 443, respectively associated with the HTTP or HTTPS protocols. Inanother example, the traffic may be received from a switch, router, etc.of the entry POP 110 that is configured to forward port 80 or port 443traffic. While port 80 and port 443 traffic, and their associated HTTPand HTTPS protocols, are discussed in greater detail herein, it isappreciated that other ports and associated protocols may also be used.

At 606, the proxy server 202 (e.g., an NProxy module 206 executing onthe proxy server 202) may be configured to determine, based on a dynamicfilter, whether the content server 108 has been (e.g. previously)associated with traffic that fails to use the predefined protocol of theport. With reference to FIG. 4 , dynamic filter 400 includes entries 410and 412 defining content servers (e.g., as referenced by IP prefix) thathave been associated with traffic that uses port 80 or port 443, butfails to use the associated predefined protocols of the ports.

The proxy server 202 may be configured to analyze the traffic todetermine the destination IP address of the content server 208, and maybe further configured to compare the destination IP address with the IPprefixes 410 and 412 of the dynamic filter 400 to determine whether thecontent server 208 is included within the dynamic filter. For example,if the IP address of the content server 208 is 11.22.33.44, then thecontent server 108 may be determined as being included within thedynamic filter based on entry 410 having the IP prefix 11.22.33.0 andNetmask /24. As such, the content server 108 may be determined as havingbeen (e.g. previously) associated with traffic that fails to use thepredefined protocol of the port. In another example, if the IP addressof the content server 108 is 44.33.22.11, then neither of the IPprefixes associated with the entries 410 and 412 include the contentserver 108, and the content server 108 may be determined as failing tobe included within the dynamic filter. As such, the content server 108may be determined has having not been associated with traffic that failsto use the predefined protocol of the port.

In some embodiments, each entry 410 and 412 (and thus content servers108) of the dynamic filter 400 may be associated with a TTL 408 defininga time period within which the entry is valid or usable. The proxyserver 202 may be configured to determine, based on accessing thedynamic filter 400, whether a TTL 408 associated with the content server108 has lapsed. Here, a lapsed entry may be discarded or not used, ormay trigger a subsequent analysis.

In response to determining, based on the dynamic filter, that thecontent server 208 has been associated with traffic that fails to usethe predefined protocol of the port, method 600 may proceed to 608,where the proxy server 202 may be configured to route data transfersbetween the mobile device 102 and the content server 108 to bypass theproxy server 202. The data transfer is thus routed to bypass the mobileaccelerator system 104 because the proxy server 202 is on the entry POP110 a of the mobile accelerator system 104 for the mobile device 102.

For example, the data transfers may be routed from the mobile device102, through connection 114, to the network 106 (e.g., the Internet),and to the content server 108, and without traversing any POP 110 of themobile accelerator system 104. In another example, the data transfersmay be routed from the mobile device 102 via VPN connection 112 to theVPN server 204 of the entry POP 110 a, and then outside of the mobileaccelerator system (e.g., without traversing the proxy server 202 oranother POP 110) to the network 106 (e.g., the Internet), and then tothe content server 108. Advantageously, the traffic that fails to theuse a recognized protocol, and thus are capable of being optimized bythe mobile accelerator system 104, does not contribute to congestion ofthe mobile accelerator system 104.

In some embodiments, the data transfers routed without traversing themobile accelerator system 104 may be optimized using non HTTP/HTTPSoptimizations, such as lower layer optimizations. Some exampleoptimizations may include transmission control protocol (TCP)optimization (e.g., for a long haul network), connection pooling,aggressive congestion control, user datagram protocol (UDP)optimization, large window size, and/or transport layer security (TLS)optimization. Method 600 may then proceed to 622 and end.

Returning to 606, in response to determining, based on the dynamicfilter, that the content server 208 has not been (e.g., previously)associated with traffic that fails to use the predefined protocol of theport, method 600 may proceed to 610, where the proxy server 202 may beconfigured to determine whether the traffic currently is using thepredefined protocol.

For example, the proxy server 202 may be configured to parse the trafficof the port 80 to determine whether the traffic is HTTP traffic.Additionally or alternatively, the proxy server 202 may be configured toparse the traffic of port 443 to determine whether the traffic is HTTPStraffic. As discussed above, mobile applications may use custom ornon-standard protocols other than HTTP and HTTPS on ports 80 and 443 toavoid mobile network issues such as filtering, rate limiting, cachingdevice, etc. However, some or all of the optimization techniques usedfor HTTP or HTTPs traffic may not be suitable for the custom protocoltraffic. If parsing in accordance with a predefined protocol of the portfails to yield usable or meaningful data, the traffic may be determinedas currently not using the predefined protocol. The parsing may includeexamining the first few packets of the traffic and attempting to parsebased on HTTP or HTTPS.

In response to determining that the traffic currently fails to use thepredefined protocol (and that the content server has not been previouslyassociated with traffic that fails to use the predefined protocol basedon the dynamic filter at 606), method 600 may proceed to 612, where theproxy server 202 may be configured to update the dynamic filter suchthat the content server 108 is associated with traffic that fails to usethe predefined protocol.

If the content server 108 is new or otherwise has no previous entrywithin the dynamic filter, the proxy server 202 may be configured to addan entry associated with the content server 108 to the dynamic filter.For an example destination IP address 11.22.33.44, port 80 of thecontent server 108, and with reference to the dynamic filter 400 of FIG.4 , the proxy server 202 may be configured to add entry 410 (e.g., if itdid not previously exist) including IP prefix 402 (11.22.33.0)determined based on the destination IP address 11.22.33.44. Furthermore,the Subnet mask (“netmask”) 404 (e.g., 24, by default), the port 406(e.g., 80), and a new TTL 408 (e.g., 12 hours) may also be added to thenew entry 410. The TTL 408 may be a “new” TTL which, as used herein,refers to a reset or maximum duration that counts down over time untillapse (e.g., TTL 408=0). The 12 hour TTL 408 is only an example new TTLvalue, and one or more other times may be used. For example, contentservers or IP prefixes that tend to have changing data protocols may beassigned lower TTLs to ensure a faster refresh rate of the dynamicfilter for those content servers.

The netmask 404 reduces the number of entries and the storage volumerequired for implementing the dynamic filter. By default, the netmask404 may be set to /24 (255.255.255.0), meaning that only 24 bits of 32bit IP addresses will be stored. Advantageously, content hosts mayemploy a range of server IP addresses having the same IP prefix, andthus individual entries for each server IP address is not required. Withreference to entry 412 of the dynamic filter 400, the Netmask /24 may beapplied to a destination IP address 22.33.45.10, resulting in22.33.45.10/24, which is converted to the IP Prefix 22.33.45.0 as shownby the entry 412. Similarly, when the proxy server 202 receives trafficassociated with an IP address, the Netmask /24 may be applied to thecontent server address to determine an IP prefix. Here, all IP addressesbetween 22.33.45.0 and 22.33.45.255 will be converted to the IP prefix22.33.45.0 based on applying the Netmask /24. The IP prefix may then becompared with the listed IP prefixes of the dynamic filter, along withthe port number as discussed above.

In another example, the content server 108 may already be listed withinthe dynamic filter, but includes a lapsed TTL 408. Here, the proxyserver may be configured to update the dynamic filter by assigning a newTTL to the entry such that the analysis of the port traffic remainsuseable for the duration of the new TTL.

In that sense, an expiration of the TTL results a subsequent connectionto the content server 108 triggering another parsing of the traffic tosee if it remains different from the HTTP/HTTPS traffic. Furthermore,exceptions, errors, or the like for analyzed traffic do not causepermanent mistakes without expiration within the dynamic filter.

At 614, the proxy server 202 may be configured to route data transfersbetween the mobile device 102 and the content server 208 to bypass theproxy server 202. The discussion at 608 may be applicable at 614. Method600 may then proceed to 622 and end.

Returning to 610, in response to determining that the traffic is usingthe predefined protocol (and that the content server has not beenpreviously associated with traffic that fails to use the predefinedprotocol within the dynamic filter at 606, such as by not being listedor by having a lapsed TTL), method 600 may proceed to 616, where theproxy server 202 may be configured to optimize the traffic based on thepredefined protocol. For example, the traffic on port 80 may becurrently using the HTTP protocol, or the traffic on port 443 may becurrently using the HTTPS protocol, and thus are susceptible toHTTP/HTTPS traffic optimizations. For HTTP traffic, some exampleoptimizations may include HTTP keep-alive, caching, front-endoptimization, data compression (e.g., HTTP compression) and connectionpooling. For HTTPS traffic, some example optimizations may includeconnection pooling and data compression. The optimizations for HTTP andHTTPS traffic may also include lower layer optimizations such as TCPaggressive congestion control, dynamic windows size, packet levelencryption and user datagram protocol (UDP) optimization.

The proxy server 202 may be further configured to update the dynamicfilter where appropriate. For example, if the content server 108previously was included within the dynamic filter based on a prioranalysis of the traffic, the proxy server 202 may be configured updatethe dynamic filter to remove the entry associated with the contentserver 108 from the dynamic filter. As such, subsequent lookup of thedynamic filter would not result in data transfer bypass for the contentserver 108 in the manner discussed at 606 and 608.

At 618, the proxy server 202 (e.g., content router module 208) may beconfigured to determine a dynamic path between the mobile device 102 andthe content server 108 through the proxy server 202 of the entry POP 110a. At 620, the proxy server 202 may be configured to route datatransfers between the mobile device 102 and the content server 108through the dynamic path.

In some embodiments, the NProxy module 206 may be configured to requestdynamic path routing from the content router module 208, such as basedon providing the destination IP address of the content server 102 to thecontent router module 208. For HTTP traffic, the proxy server 202 may beconfigured to attempt determine content server destination based on thedestination IP address and/or Host:header value of the HTTP traffic. ForHTTPS traffic, the proxy server 202 may be configured to determinecontent server destination based on the destination IP address and/orSNI hostname value of the HTTPS traffic.

The content router module may be configured to determine a “POPconnection score” for dynamic paths that include the proxy server 202 ofthe entry POP 110 a (and if optimal, an exit POP 110 b). The “POPconnection score” of a dynamic path, as used herein, refers to a measureof the quality of the dynamic path (e.g., including the first mile,middle mile, and last mile) between the mobile device 102 and thecontent server 108 through one or more POPS 110 of the mobileaccelerator system 104.

For a dynamic path including an exit POP 110 b (e.g., separate from theentry POP 110 a), the POP connection score may be determined as acombination of an entry POP score between mobile device 102 and theentry POP 110 a, a POP-to-POP score between the entry POP 110 a and anexit POP 110 b (and any intervening next POPs), and an exit POP scorebetween the exit POP 110 b and the content server 108.

For a dynamic path that does not include a separate exit POP 110 b, thePOP connection score may be determined as a combination of the entry POPscore between mobile device 102 and the entry POP 110 a, and an exit POPscore between the entry POP 110 a (acting also as an exit POP) and thecontent server 108.

In some embodiments, each of the POP connection scores, entry POPscores, POP-to-POP scores, and exit POP scores may be determined basedon data transfer speed, such as by measuring synthetic latencies.Additional details regarding the dynamic path scoring and selection by acontent router module of a mobile accelerator system are discussed inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/644,116, which is incorporated byreference above.

Method 600 may be repeated. For example, the updated dynamic filter maybe used when the proxy server 202 receives subsequent traffic associatedwith the content server 102 that uses the port associated with thepredefined protocol. The proxy server 202 may check the dynamic filter,and route data transfers to bypass the proxy server 202 (and the mobileaccelerator system 104) when the content server 108 has a non-lapsedentry (based on TTL) within the dynamic filter. Alternatively, if thedynamic filter does not indicate a bypass for the content server 108,the proxy server 202 may analyze the subsequent traffic to determinewhether the subsequent traffic is using the predefined protocol, updatethe dynamic filter accordingly, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the proxy server 202 may be configured to share itsdynamic filter and/or dynamic filter updates with one or more POPs 110of the mobile accelerator system 104 (e.g., including mobile POPs). Thesharing can be on a scheduled basis, on request, etc. and may beperformed to reduce duplicative parsing of traffic associated with thesame content server by individual POPs 110. Method 600 may then proceedto 622 and end.

CONCLUSION

Many modifications and other embodiments will come to mind to oneskilled in the art to which these embodiments pertain having the benefitof the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and theassociated drawings. For example, while techniques for mobile deviceacceleration are discussed herein as being performed over the Internet,they may also be applicable to data delivery acceleration on other widearea networks and/or other (e.g., stationary, wired communication)devices. In another example, while ports 80 and 443 and the associatedHTTP and HTTPS protocols are discussed in detail herein, other portswith associated predefined protocols may employ a dynamic filter toprovide mobile accelerator system bypass when appropriate oradvantageous. Therefore, it is to be understood that embodiments andimplementations are not to be limited to the specific examples disclosedand that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be includedwithin the scope of the appended claims.

1.-21. (canceled)
 22. A method executed at a point of presence (POP),comprising: receiving, at a proxy server of the POP, traffic from amobile device to a content server, wherein the POP is an entry POP, andwherein the POP is one of a plurality of POPs of a mobile acceleratorsystem; determining a dynamic path ranking based on connection scoresbetween the mobile device, the plurality of POPs of the mobileaccelerator system, and the content server; determining at least aportion of a dynamic path between the mobile device and the contentserver based on the dynamic path ranking; and routing data transfersbetween the mobile device and the content server through the at least aportion of the dynamic path.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein theconnection scores include a direct connection score, and whereindetermining the direct connection score includes: determining asynthetic latency between the mobile device and the content serverwithout traversing the mobile accelerator system.
 24. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the connection scores include a POP connection score,and wherein determining the POP connection score includes: determining asynthetic latency between the entry POP and the content server withouttraversing a next POP of the mobile accelerator system.
 25. The methodof claim 22, wherein the connection scores include a POP connectionscore, and wherein determining the POP connection score includes:determining a POP-to-POP score based on a synthetic latency between theentry POP and a candidate exit POP of the plurality of POPs.
 26. Themethod of claim 22, wherein the connection scores include a POPconnection score, and wherein determining the POP connection scoreincludes: determining an exit POP score based on a synthetic latencybetween an exit POP of the mobile accelerator system and the contentserver.
 27. The method of claim 22, wherein routing the data transfersthrough the at least a portion of the dynamic path includes routing thedata transfers through an exit POP of the mobile accelerator system. 28.The method of claim 22, wherein routing the data transfers through theat least a portion of the dynamic path includes routing the datatransfers through the entry POP as a single entry/exit POP.
 29. Themethod of claim 22, further comprising: determining that the traffic isusing a first protocol associated with a first port of the POP; andoptimizing the traffic using traffic optimization techniques associatedwith the first protocol.
 30. A mobile accelerator system, comprising: aplurality of point of presences (POPs), wherein the plurality of POPsincludes a POP that is configured to: receive, at a proxy server of thePOP, traffic from a mobile device to a content server, wherein the POPis an entry POP, and wherein the POP is one of a plurality of POPs of amobile accelerator system; determine a dynamic path ranking based onconnection scores between the mobile device, the plurality of POPs ofthe mobile accelerator system, and the content server; determine atleast a portion of a dynamic path between the mobile device and thecontent server based on the dynamic path ranking; and route datatransfers between the mobile device and the content server through theat least a portion of the dynamic path.
 31. The mobile acceleratorsystem of claim 30, wherein the connection scores include a directconnection score, and wherein determining the direct connection scoreincludes: determining a synthetic latency between the mobile device andthe content server without traversing the mobile accelerator system. 32.The mobile accelerator system of claim 30, wherein the connection scoresinclude a POP connection score, and wherein the entry POP configured todetermine the POP connection score includes the entry POP configured todetermine a synthetic latency between the entry POP and the contentserver without traversing a next POP of the mobile accelerator system.33. The mobile accelerator system of claim 30, wherein the connectionscores include a POP connection score, and wherein the entry POPconfigured to determine the POP connection score includes the entry POPconfigured to determine a POP-to-POP score based on a synthetic latencybetween the entry POP and a candidate exit POP of the plurality of POPs.34. The mobile accelerator system of claim 30, wherein the connectionscores include a POP connection score, and wherein the entry POPconfigured to determine the POP connection score includes the entry POPconfigured to determine an exit POP score based on a synthetic latencybetween an exit POP of the mobile accelerator system and the contentserver.
 35. The mobile accelerator system of claim 30, wherein the entryPOP configured to route the data transfers through the at least aportion of the dynamic path includes the entry POP configured to routethe data transfers through an exit POP of the mobile accelerator system.36. The mobile accelerator system of claim 30, wherein the entry POPconfigured to route the data transfers through the at least a portion ofthe dynamic path includes the entry POP configured to route the datatransfers through the entry POP as a single entry/exit POP.
 37. Themobile accelerator system of claim 30, wherein the POP is furtherconfigured to: determine that the traffic is using a first protocolassociated with a first port of the POP; and optimize the traffic usingtraffic optimization techniques associated with the first protocol. 38.A non-transitory computer-readable medium that provides instructionsthat, if executed by a processor of a point of presence (POP), willcause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, at aproxy server of the POP, traffic from a mobile device to a contentserver, wherein the POP is an entry POP, and wherein the POP is one of aplurality of POPs of a mobile accelerator system; determining a dynamicpath ranking based on connection scores between the mobile device, theplurality of POPs of the mobile accelerator system, and the contentserver; determining at least a portion of a dynamic path between themobile device and the content server based on the dynamic path ranking;and routing data transfers between the mobile device and the contentserver through the at least a portion of the dynamic path.
 39. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein theconnection scores include a direct connection score, and whereindetermining the direct connection score includes: determining asynthetic latency between the mobile device and the content serverwithout traversing the mobile accelerator system.
 40. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the connection scoresinclude a POP connection score, and wherein determining the POPconnection score includes: determining a synthetic latency between theentry POP and the content server without traversing a next POP of themobile accelerator system.
 41. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 38, wherein the connection scores include a POPconnection score, and wherein determining the POP connection scoreincludes: determining a POP-to-POP score based on a synthetic latencybetween the entry POP and a candidate exit POP of the plurality of POPs.42. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein theconnection scores include a POP connection score, and whereindetermining the POP connection score includes: includes determining anexit POP score based on a synthetic latency between an exit POP of themobile accelerator system and the content server.
 43. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein routing the data transfersthrough the at least a portion of the dynamic path includes routing thedata transfers through an exit POP of the mobile accelerator system. 44.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein routingthe data transfers through the at least a portion of the dynamic pathincludes routing the data transfers through the entry POP as a singleentry/exit POP.
 45. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim38, further comprising: determining that the traffic is using a firstprotocol associated with a first port of the POP; and optimizing thetraffic using traffic optimization techniques associated with the firstprotocol.